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Gravitational Potential Energy Basics

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Gravitational Potential Energy Basics

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is energy stored because an object is raised in a gravitational field. Near Earth’s surface, calculate it with GPE = m × g × h. Here, m is mass in kilograms (kg), g is gravitational field strength in newtons per kilogram (N/kg), and h is height in metres (m). GPE is measured in joules (J). For the calculations on this page, use g = 10 N/kg. Show your working and include units.

Calculate GPE

Substitute the mass, gravitational field strength and height into the formula. Remember to state the energy in joules.

1.A 1.8 kg pot sits on a ledge 4 m above the floor. What is its GPE?
2.A 0.6 kg netball is held 7 m above the ground. Calculate its GPE.
3.A 5 kg crate is lifted onto a platform 2.5 m high. Find the GPE it gains.
4.A 3 kg bucket is raised by 6 m. How much GPE does it gain?

Compare and explain

Use the formula and the relationship between mass, height and GPE to answer these questions.

5.Which object has the greater GPE? Choose one.
  • A 2 kg object held 3 m above the ground
  • A 1 kg object held 5 m above the ground
  • Both objects have equal GPE
  • There is not enough information to compare them
6.If an object’s mass stays the same and its height above the ground doubles, what happens to its GPE?
  • It doubles
  • It halves
  • It stays the same
  • It becomes zero
7.Explain why lifting the same object higher increases its gravitational potential energy.
8.True or false: Near Earth’s surface, an object’s GPE depends on its mass and its height above the chosen ground level.
TrueFalse
9.A toy car falls from a shelf 8 m above the floor to a lower shelf 3 m above the floor. How does its GPE change as it falls?

Match the terms

Match each physics term to the quantity or unit it describes.

10.Sketch two identical objects at different heights above the ground. Label each height and indicate which object has more GPE.

3 printable pages

  • Gravitational Potential Energy Basics, page 1 of 3: Calculate GPE

    Page 1

  • Gravitational Potential Energy Basics, page 2 of 3: Compare and explain

    Page 2

  • Gravitational Potential Energy Basics, page 3 of 3: Match the terms

    Page 3

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