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Frequency Histograms Critical Analysis

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Frequency Histograms Critical Analysis

Analyse the grouped data and histograms. Show your reasoning, and use the data—not assumptions—to support your conclusions. Frequencies are numbers of observations.

A. Read the histogram

A community sports centre recorded how long 40 visitors exercised on Saturday. Each interval includes its lower endpoint but not its upper endpoint.

0–10 min Frequency 3

10–20 min Frequency 8

20–30 min Frequency 14

30–40 min Frequency 9

40–50 min Frequency 6

1.How many visitors exercised for at least 20 minutes but less than 40 minutes? Show how you used the histogram.
2.Which interval is the modal class, and what does that tell you about the visitors’ exercise times?
3.A centre manager says, “Most visitors exercised for 20–30 minutes.” Is this claim supported by the histogram? Explain what “most” would need to mean for the claim to be correct.
4.Estimate the mean exercise time by using each interval midpoint. Show your calculation, then give one reason the result is an estimate rather than an exact mean.

B. Compare distributions fairly

Two groups completed the same quiz. Their scores were grouped into equal-width intervals, with no missing scores.

Score interval

Group A (20 students)

Group B (40 students)

0–20

2

8

20–40

6

16

40–60

8

12

60–80

4

4

5.Which group has more students in the 40–60 score interval? Compare both the count and the proportion of each group.
6.A student says Group B performed better because its histogram has taller bars. Give a critical response using the information provided.
7.The score intervals are all 20 points wide. If the intervals were changed to unequal widths, would comparing bar heights still be a fair way to compare frequencies? Explain what the histogram would need to show.
  • Yes; bar height should still equal frequency, regardless of interval width.
  • No; use frequency density so that each bar’s area represents its frequency.
  • Yes; make every bar the same height and label only the interval ends.
  • No; unequal intervals mean a histogram cannot be drawn.

C. Spot the limits

A good analysis explains what a histogram shows—and what it cannot tell you.

8.A researcher groups daily screen time into 0–2, 2–4, 4–6 and 6–8 hour intervals. The histogram has a long tail towards the higher times. Which measure is likely to be more resistant to unusually high values: the mean or the median? Explain.
9.A histogram of daily temperatures has two peaks, one around 18°C and one around 28°C. Which explanation is most plausible, and what follow-up information would help check it?
  • The two peaks prove that the thermometer was broken; no further information is needed.
  • The data may combine two different conditions or groups; check when and where each temperature was recorded.
  • The peaks show that every day had both temperatures.
  • A histogram cannot have two peaks.
10.A report claims that a histogram proves “most people spend exactly 25 minutes exercising” because the tallest bar is 20–30 minutes. Identify two problems with this conclusion.

3 printable pages

  • Frequency Histograms Critical Analysis, page 1 of 3: A. Read the histogram

    Page 1

  • Frequency Histograms Critical Analysis, page 2 of 3: B. Compare distributions fairly

    Page 2

  • Frequency Histograms Critical Analysis, page 3 of 3: C. Spot the limits

    Page 3

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